Biography of Mary Read, English Pirate

Mary Read (1685–buried April 28, 1721) was an English pirate who sailed with Calico Jack Rackham and Anne Bonny. Though little is known for certain about her former life, she was well-known as a pirate from 1718 to 1720. After being captured, she was spared hanging because she was pregnant but died shortly after due to an illness. Fast Facts: Mary Read Known For: One of the most famous female pirates of all time, Read sailed with Calico Jack Rackham during the early 1700s.Also Known As: Mark ReadBorn: 1685 in EnglandDied: 1721 (buried April 28, 1721) in Port Royal, Jamaica Early Life Most of the limited information about Mary Reads life comes from Captain Charles Johnson (believed by many, but not all, pirate historians to be a pseudonym for Daniel Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe). Johnson was descriptive, but never mentioned his sources, so most of Reads alleged background is in doubt. Read was supposedly born sometime around 1690 to the widow of a sea captain. Mary’s mother dressed her up as a boy to pass her off as her older brother, who had died, to get money out of Mary’s paternal grandmother. Mary found she liked dressing as a boy, and as a young â€Å"man† she found work as a soldier and sailor. Marriage Read was fighting for the British in Holland when she met and fell in love with a Flemish soldier. She revealed her secret to him and they married. For a time, they operated an inn called The Three Horseshoes not far from the castle at the town of Breda in the Netherlands. After her husband died, Read could not operate the inn alone, so she went back to war, dressing once again as a man. Peace was soon signed, however, and she was out of work. Read took a ship to the West Indies in hopes of finding new opportunities. Joining the Pirates While en route to the West Indies, Read’s ship was attacked and she was captured by pirates. Read decided to join them and for a while, she lived the life of a pirate in the Caribbean before accepting the king’s pardon in 1718. Like many former pirates, she signed on board a privateer commissioned to hunt down those buccaneers who had not accepted the pardon. The mission didn’t last long, however, as the whole crew soon mutinied and took over the ship. By 1720, she had found her way on board the pirate ship of â€Å"Calico Jack† Rackham. Anne Bonny Calico Jack already had a woman on board: his lover Anne Bonny, who had left her husband for a life of piracy. According to legend, Bonny developed an attraction to Mary, not knowing that she was a woman. When Bonny tried to seduce her, Read revealed herself. According to some accounts, they became lovers anyway, with Rackham’s blessing (or participation). In any event, Bonny and Read were two of Rackham’s most bloodthirsty pirates, each carrying—according to one report—a machete and a pistol. Read was a good fighter. According to legend, she developed an attraction to a man who had been forced to join the pirate crew. The object of her affection managed to irritate a certain cutthroat on board, who challenged him to a duel. Read, fearing that her would-be lover might get killed, challenged the brute to a duel of her own, scheduling it a couple of hours before the other duel was supposed to take place. She promptly killed the pirate, in the process saving the object of her affection. Capture and Trial By late 1720, Rackham and his crew were well known as dangerous pirates, and bounty hunters were sent out to capture or kill them. Captain Jonathan Barnet cornered Rackhams ship in late October 1720. According to some accounts, Bonny and Read fought valiantly while the men hid below deck. Rackham and the other male pirates were quickly tried and hanged in Port Royal, Jamaica, on November 18, 1720. Bonny and Read declared at their trial that they were pregnant, which was soon determined to be true. They would be spared the gallows until they had given birth. Death Mary Read never got to taste freedom again. She developed a fever and died in prison not long after her trial, probably sometime in early April 1721. Records from St. Catherine Parish in Jamaica show that Read was buried on April 28, 1721. Legacy Most of the information about Read comes from Captain Johnson, who most likely embellished at least some of it. It is impossible to say how much of what is commonly known about Read is true. It is certainly true that a woman by that name served with Rackham, and evidence is strong that both women on his ship were able, skilled pirates who were every bit as tough and ruthless as their male counterparts. As a pirate, Read didnt leave much of a mark. Rackham is famous for having female pirates on board (and for having an impressive pirate flag), but he was strictly a small-time operator, never getting close to the levels of infamy of someone like Blackbeard or the success of someone like Edward Low or Black Bart Roberts. Nevertheless, Read and Bonny have captured the public imagination as being the only two well-documented female pirates in the so-called Golden Age of Piracy. In an age and society where the freedom of women was greatly restricted, Read and Bonny lived a life at sea as full members of a pirate crew. As subsequent generations increasingly romanticize piracy and the likes of Rackham, Bonny, and Read, their stature has grown even further. Sources Cordingly, David. Under the Black Flag:  The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996.Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Johnson, Charles, and Margarette Lincoln. A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates. The Folio Society, 2018.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: The Lyons Press, 2009.Woodard, Colin. The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Mariner Books, 2008.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay - 897 Words

Their Eyes Were Watching God Analytical Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the most fascinating and unique novels in African American literature is Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, not so much for its story but for its beautifully written language. The novel is about the main character, Janie, trying to find herself and the meaning of love. Both Standard English and a southern black dialect, and poetry are seamlessly integrated into the story which reveals symbols and hidden meanings. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;She was stretched on her back beneath the pear tree soaking in the alto chant of the visiting bees, the gold of the sun and the panting breath of the breeze when the inaudible voice of it†¦show more content†¦However, Janie felt confined under her grandmas beliefs. Where were the singing bees for her? Nothing on the place nor in her grandmas house answered her,; she feels (11). Janie could not find answers of sexuality in her grandmas house as her grandma had very different views. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Soon, Janies grandma married Janie to Logan Killicks. Despite Janies disagreement, Janies grandma had her way. Janie was off to Killicks house under the assumption that love would come after marriage. So Janie waited a bloom time, and a green time and an orange time. But when the pollen again gilded the sun and sifted down the world she begun to stand the gate and expect things. What things? She didnt know.;(Hurston says, 23) Certainly, the marriage didnt go well, but to fully understand the meaning of the quote, it needs to be broken down to several parts: The bloom time meant the spring, which also served as the symbol as the beginning of the love. The green time meant the summer, which also served as the symbol of love during marriage. The orange time meant fall, which also served as the symbol of love at the end of marriage. In sum, Janie waited for love from Logan, and so she waited for the bloom time and the green time, but they never came. Janie then e xpected divorce but she did not know what to do, so she was confused. When a man named Joe Starks came along, he presented himself as a citified,Show MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realized true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the inter section of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. 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Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

Chess free essay sample

I felt some trepidation when I moved to New York from my small town of Priluki in Ukraine. The clothes, the music, the language and the culture were alien to me, yet had a curious appeal. I must admit it was a struggle to adjust to the abrupt and omnipresent changes that America presented. More than anything, I feel that the game of chess was the key factor in my integration into this great society.My family came to America with no money, and had no choice but to work laboriously at various jobs to support my brother and me. Realizing that chess is an inexpensive, yet fun and productive pastime, my parents enrolled my brother and me in a chess club. The social part of the club was a tremendous perk. I was not the â€Å"Russian kid† anymore but a chess player. For the first time since I had come to America, I was not singled out as different. We will write a custom essay sample on Chess or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The euphoric state I felt there compelled me to play more and work hard to improve my game. I began to compete in tournaments. The more I played, the more I improved, and the more I improved, the happier I became with this noble game.After winning a number of scholastic and adult tournaments, I was selected by the United States Chess Federation as the U. S. representative for the World Under-12 Chess Championship in Spain. I was overwhelmed with pride and honor to represent America, especially after all that it has done (and continues to do) for my family. In Brazil, playing in the Pan-American Youth Championship, I medaled in silver with a second-place finish. I continue to compete in international tournaments representing the United States.These worldly excursions have provided me with a rich sense of different cultures and have led to wonderful friendships. Some of my fondest memories stem from the times I have spent with players from the Russian and Ecuadorian teams. We would play soccer, go out to dinner, and, of course, chat about life. These memories are precious not only because of what we learned from each other but primarily because I was â€Å"the American† in the group.Recently, I have thought about the countless ways chess has helped me and what I could do to give back to the community. Noticing there were no chess programs for children in my area, I started my own company dedicated to promoting chess. Currently, I teach at four schools and have an array of private students, both children and adults. It is an inexplicably satisfying feeling to see others benefit from what has provided me with so many extraordinary opportunities. With this feeling, I have no doubts that I am an American.

The Truman Doctrine Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Truman Doctrine Essay, Research Paper The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was the force for the alteration in United States foreign policy, from isolationism to internationalism ; which was the chief ground of the engagement into the two wars of containment and into universe personal businesss. The Truman Doctrine began a major alteration in U.S. Foreign policy, from its beginning, assistance to Turkey and Greece, to its influence on Korea and Vietnam. The wake of WWII inspired the U.S. to publish a philosophy that would halt Communist influence throughout the universe. However, the U.S. # 8217 ; s passion in the accomplishment of the Truman Doctrine sent our soldiers to decease in Vietnam and Korea for a pointless cause. # 8220 ; It must be the policy of the U.S. to back up free peoples. This is no more than a blunt acknowledgment that totalitarian governments imposed on free peoples? undermine the foundations of? peace and security of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Doctrine Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; The Truman Doctrine would alter the foreign policy of the United States. This policy would foremost travel in assistance to back up the democratic authoritiess in Turkey and Greece. These states were being threatened by Rebels, which were supported by the Soviet Union, to tumble the authorities and put in a Communist government. A direct influence of this Doctrine was the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan was designed to give assistance to any European state damaged during WWII. It enormously helped ravaged European States such as Italy and France. By assisting them economically, The Marshall Plan indirectly helped to stamp down turning Communist sentiment in these states. The procedure whereby the Truman Doctrine came to fruitions was a long and backbreaking 1. After WWII, the Soviet Union and the United States stood at the pinnacle of universe power. By the late # 8217 ; 40 # 8217 ; s, the U.S.S.R. had caught up to the United States # 8217 ; atomic arms plans. In add-on, they were really land-hungry. Throughout Russia # 8217 ; s history, they have been in hunt of a port. The Soviets in that regard were direct menaces to their non-Communist neighbours ; Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In Iran, the U.S.S.R. was non evacuating Iran # 8217 ; s northern states despite prayers from the United States. In Turkey, the Soviet Union coveted several naval bases along the Straits of Dardanelles. Further, they pressured Turkey for boundary line cedings that Turkey had taken signifier Russia after World War I. In Greece, the Soviets encouraged the lifting leader Markos Vafiades with weaponries and economic support. The British military personnels which were assisting the Greek authorities were strangled of supplies due to hapless economic times in Britain. When Truman saw the deteriorating dealingss that the U.S. had with the Soviet Union, he issued two statements about # 8220 ; understandings, misdemeanors, reparations, and Soviet actions endangering U.S. security. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; 1. The Middle is of strategic importance to the U.S.S.R. 2. The U.S. must be prepared to pay atomic and biological warfare. # 8221 ; ( Ferrel 247 ) Soon after, he sent bombers to the Middle East. He wanted the return of all weaponries given to the U.S.S.R. under the Lend-Lease Act. # 8220 ; There isn # 8217 ; t a uncertainty in my head that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and ictus of the Black Sea straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an Fe fist and strong linguistic communication another war is in the devising, How many divisions have you? # 8221 ; Truman had his oculus on the Soviets and on war. However, the U.S.S.R. neer made such invasions and therefore calmed Truman # 8217 ; s frights. The Truman Doctrine was get downing to develop during 1947 when Truman issued several statements. 1. The present Russian embassador does non belong in Washington. 2. Urge Stalin to pay us a visit. 3. Settle the Korean inquiry, give them their ain authorities 4. Settle the Manchurian inquiry, support Chang Kai-Shek for a strong China. 5. Agree to treatment of Russia # 8217 ; s lend-lease debt to the U.S. 6. Agree to commercial air pact. 7. Make it kick that we have no territorial aspirations. That we merely want peace, but we # 8217 ; ll battle for it! After these proclamations the British revealed that they could no longer give assistance to Turkey and Greece and that the U.S. must pick up the slack. This left Greece in utmost danger of tumbling into Communist control. # 8220 ; If Greece fell? Turkey isolated in the Eastern Mediterranean, would finally yield? # 8221 ; Truman # 8217 ; s program for peacetime assistance # 8211 ; The Truman Doctrine # 8211 ; was unprecedented ( a amount of more than $ 400 million ) and he faced a Republican Congress that was unreceptive through which he had to go through his program. Truman informed Congress of the problems confronting Italy, Germany, and France. They and other little, Middle-eastern states faced menaces from Communism. Congress came back with jobs found in Truman # 8217 ; s program which included: The Grecian authorities was corrupt and non democratic, and neither was Turkey. Turkey had been impersonal during the war. Further, the President # 8217 ; s program for assistance paid no attending to Communism outside Europe. Even though, the measure passed on May 15, 1947. Truman added while subscribing the statute law into jurisprudence: # 8220 ; We are defenders of a great religion We believe that freedom offers the best opportunity of peace and prosperity for all, and our desire for peace can non be separated from our belief in autonomy. We hope that in old ages in front more and more states will come to cognize the advantages of freedom and autonomy. It is to this terminal that we hold enacted the jurisprudence I have now signed. # 8221 ; It was brought to Truman # 8217 ; s attending that Europe was by no agencies c ontent in their economic recovery. Britain was near bankruptcy, Italy, France, and Germany were plagued by a awful by a awful. More assistance was needed to maintain their democratic authoritiess afloat. Therefore, as a consequence of the Truman Doctrine was the Marshall Plan. This came about when Truman appointed General Marshall as Secretary of State. In this place, he saw # 8220 ; Europe # 8217 ; s economic plight. # 8221 ; Marshall proposed a program that would offer assistance to all states # 8220 ; West of the Urals. # 8221 ; ( Truman, 355 ) This included the U.S.S.R. and her Eastern European neighbour states. But they refused the assistance. By March 1948, Congress had appropriated the first installment. Truman signed it into jurisprudence on April 3, 1948. By it completion in 1952 it would supply more than $ 13 billion in assistance to war-ravaged Europe. This was a immense alteration in U.S. Foreign policy. We had gone from isolationists to internationalists. This Doctrine is indirect contrast to the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine served as the U.S. Foreign policy for over 150 old ages. It basically stated that the U.S. would non step in in the World # 8217 ; s personal businesss every bit long as no 1 interfered with hers. With the Truman Doctrine, we wholly reversed that function that had been briefly breached during the World Wars. Our new policy was one of Containment: To incorporate the spread of Communism to the provinces in which it soon inhabits. Our relationship with the U.S.S.R. after Truman # 8217 ; s declaration was in go oning impairment. A major menace to our relationship was the Berlin Blockade of 1948. On June 24, 1948, the Soviets enacted a entire encirclement on Berlin. The U.S. response was to airlift supplies into West Berlin. By its terminal 277,804 sallies delivered 2,325,809 dozenss of goods to Berlin # 8211 ; more than a ton a piece to every Berliner. On June 24, 1950 Truman was told that North Korea had invaded South Korea, or, in other words, Communism was distributing! The UN Security Council took a consentaneous ballot to declare war on North Korea. Truman rapidly sent 10,000 military personnels from Japan to unite with the South Korean Army. Even together, they were barely a lucifer for the 90,000 strong North Koreans. General MacArthur was put in charge and surrendered a batch of infinite in order to purchase clip for supports. Back in the U.S. the citizens were non seeing the value of killing their male childs in Korea. Truman increased military disbursement to finance the war supports. With freshly received supports, MacArthur changed the melody of the war. MacArthur merely briefly caused a job. Subsequently he was fired by Truman on insubordination charges. A cease fire was made in 1953. This reestablished the 38th analogue. During this war, the U.S. lost about 60,000 military personnels. What consequences did we acquire? No boundary line alterations, a little containment of Communism that likely would non hold made much difference to the U.S. anyway. Merely the decease of Americans was gained. The following consequence of the Truman Doctrine was the Vietnam War. This was another Anti-Communist containment war. Ho Chi Minh had invaded South Vietnam. It began with the Gulf of Tonkin incident where Vietnamese Torpedo boats attacked U.S. destroyers. From at that place, more and more military personnels were poured into Vietnam. U.S. began bombing foraies in 1965. By the terminal of` that twelvemonth more than 200,000 military personnels were in Vietnam. In 1968, 525,000 military personnels were at that place. Several peace pacts were given by the U.S. but were refused by the Vietnamese. The Tet violative renewed a decelerating war attempt and finally led to the terminal of an full-scale U.S. engagement in 1973. At the terminal of our backdown about 60,000 military personnels were killed and this clip we had non even saved the state we were supporting. The veterans received about no welcome because the populace was non interested in contending a war excessively far off to affai r. One great event that has cause the U.S. to increase universe assistance and engagement was the prostration of the Soviet Union. We were so no longer contending to incorporate Communism, but alternatively to keep Democracy everyplace. The Truman Doctrine has impacted everyone in the U.S. and about every state in the universe since 1947. Some critics rebuke the Doctrine: # 8220 ; Critics blamed engagement in Korea and Vietnam on the Truman Doctrine. Without the Doctrine? the U.S. might hold minded its ain business. # 8221 ; ( McCullough, 571 ) While other critics argue: # 8220 ; Truman was seeking to reconstruct the European Balance of Power and had neither the purpose nor the capableness of patroling the world. # 8221 ; ( McCullough, 571 ) He may hold non had that purpose, but that is precisely what happened because of the Doctrine. The Doctrine ensures that even without a valid menace to U.S. security we must blow American lives to # 8220 ; protect the free peoples of the World. # 8221 ; ( McCullough, 571 ) Would the universe have been a worse topographic point if we had non of gone to war in Korea and Vietnam? ? Would the U.S.S.R. have fallen due to its ain economic problems and merely ephemeral control ov er its immense population? ? These inquiries can be pondered but neer answered. Though one thing is certain, people should non decease for a nonexistent cause. Ferrel, Robert. Harry S. Truman, A Life. London: University of Missouri Press, 1994. pp. 246-268, 353-357 McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. pp. 550-575 Truman, Margaret. Harry S. Truman. New York: William Morrow and Co. , Inc, 1973 pp. 344-372 # 8220 ; The Truman Doctrine. # 8221 ; Grolier Ecyclopedia. 1993 erectile dysfunction. # 8220 ; Vietnam War. # 8221 ; Microsoft Encarta 1994 erectile dysfunction. Draper, Theodore. # 8220 ; American Hubris: From Truman to the Persian Gulf. # 8221 ; New York Review of Books, 16, Jul. 1987, pp. 40-48. # 8220 ; Truman Doctrine Speech. # 8221 ; Gopher: //wiretap.spies.com:70/00/Gov/Us-speech/Truman.47